Qualifications for House of Representatives in the Philippines

National legislature of the Philippines

Congress of the Philippines Kongreso ng Pilipinas
18th Congress of the Philippines
Seals of the Senate (left) and of the House of Representatives (correct)
Type
Type	Bicameral
Houses	Senate Business firm of Representatives
History
Founded	June ix, 1945 (1945-06-09)
Preceded past	National Associates of the Philippines
New session started	July 22, 2019 (2019-07-22)
Leadership
President of the Senate	Tito Sotto, NPC since July 22, 2019
Speaker of the House of Representatives	Lord Allan Velasco, PDP–Laban since October 12, 2020
Construction
Seats	328 (see list) 24 senators 304 representatives
Senate political groups	Bulk bloc (xx) Nacionalista (4) NPC (iii) PDP–Laban (3) Bagumbayan (one) Lakas (1) LDP (1) PDDS (1) PROMDI (1) Reporma (ane) UNA (one) Independent (3) Minority bloc (4) Liberal (3) Akbayan (i)
Business firm of Representatives political groups	Bulk bloc (268) PDP–Laban (51) PCFI (45) Nacionalista (41) NPC (36) NUP (31) Lakas (24) Liberal (8) Aksyon (1) CDP (ane) LDP (ane) Magdalo (1) PRP (one) Local parties (24) Independent (2) Minority bloc (25) PCFI (8) Makabayan (6) Liberal (4) Nacionalista (two) NPC (two) NUP (ii) Local parties (1) Independent minority bloc (5) LDP (1) PCFI (1) PDP–Laban (1) Reporma (1) Local parties (one) Vacancies (6) Vacancies (6)
Joint committees	Joint committees are chaired by senators
Authority	Commodity Half-dozen of the Constitution of the Philippines
Elections
Senate voting arrangement	Multiple not-transferable vote
Business firm of Representatives voting system	Parallel voting (Party-list proportional representation and first-by-the-post)
Senate concluding ballot	May 13, 2019
Business firm of Representatives last ballot	May 13, 2019
Senate next election	May nine, 2022
House of Representatives next ballot	May nine, 2022
Coming together identify
Joint sessions are normally held at the Batasang Pambansa Circuitous, Quezon City
Website
Senate of the Philippines Business firm of Representatives of the Philippines

The Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Kongreso ng Pilipinas) is the bicameral legislature of the Philippines. Information technology consists of the Senate (upper house) and the House of Representatives (lower business firm),^[ane] although colloquially, the term "Congress" commonly refers to just the latter.^[a]

The Senate is equanimous of 24 senators^[2] half of which are elected every three years. Each senator, therefore, serves a total of six years. The senators are elected by the whole electorate and do not stand for any geographical district.

In the ongoing 18th Congress, at that place are 304 seats in the House of Representatives. The Constitution states that the House "shall be composed of not more than than 250 members, unless otherwise fixed by law," and that at least 20% of it shall be sectoral representatives. There are two types of congressmen: the district and the sectoral representatives. At the time of the ratification of the constitution, there were 200 districts, leaving 50 seats for sectoral representatives.

The district congressmen represent a particular congressional district of the country. All provinces in the country are equanimous of at least one congressional district. Several cities also accept their ain congressional districts, with some having two or more representatives.^[1] From 200 districts in 1987, the number of districts take increased to 243. Every new Congress has seen an increment in the number of districts.

The party-list congressmen represent the minority sectors of the population. This enables these minority groups to be represented in the Congress, when they would otherwise not be represented properly through district representation. Likewise known equally political party-list representatives, sectoral congressmen represent labor unions, rights groups, and other organizations.^[1] With the increase of districts as well means that the seats for political party-listing representatives increase as well, as the 1:4 ratio has to be respected.

The Constitution provides that Congress shall convene for its regular session every year beginning on the quaternary Monday of July. A regular session can concluding until thirty days before the opening of its next regular session in the succeeding year. The president may, all the same, call special sessions which are ordinarily held between regular legislative sessions to handle emergencies or urgent matters.^[1]

History [edit]

Spanish era [edit]

During the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, municipal governments, or Cabildos were established. I such instance was the Cabildo in Manila, established in 1571.^[3]

When the Philippines was under colonial rule as role of the Spanish East Indies, the colony was non given representation to the Spanish Cortes. It was only in 1809 where the colony was made an integral part of Spain and was given representation in the Cortes. While colonies such as the Philippines were selecting its delegates, substitutes were named then that the Cortes tin can convene. The substitutes, and first delegates for the Philippines were Pedro Pérez de Tagle and José Manuel Couto. Both had no connections to the colony.^[4]

By July 1810, Governor General Manuel González de Aguilar received the education to hold an election. As simply the Manila Municipal Council qualified to elect a representative, it was tasked to select a delegate. Iii of its representatives, the governor-general and the Archbishop of Manila selected Ventura de los Reyes as Manila's delegate to the Cortes. De los Reyes arrived in Cadiz in December 1811.^[iv]

However, with Napoleon I'due south defeat at the Boxing of Waterloo, his brother Joseph Bonaparte was removed from the Spanish throne, and the Cádiz Constitution was replaced by the Cortes on May 24, 1816, with a more conservative constitution that removed Philippine representation on the Cortes, among other things. Restoration of Philippine representation to the Cortes was 1 of the grievances by the Ilustrados, the educated grade during the late 19th century.^[2]

Revolutionary era [edit]

The Illustrados' campaign transformed into the Philippine Revolution that aimed to overthrow Castilian rule. Proclaiming independence on June 12, 1898, President Emilio Aguinaldo and so ordered the convening of a revolutionary congress at Malolos. The Malolos Congress, among other things, approved the Malolos Constitution. With the approving of the Treaty of Paris, the Spanish ceded the Philippines to the United States. The revolutionaries, attempting to foreclose American conquest, launched the Philippine–American War, but were defeated when Aguinaldo was captured in 1901.^[ii]

American era [edit]

When the Philippines was under American colonial dominion, the legislative body was the Philippine Commission which existed from 1900 to 1907. The President of the The states appointed the members of the Philippine Committee. Furthermore, 2 Filipinos served as Resident Commissioners to the House of Representatives of the United States from 1907 to 1935, then only one from 1935 to 1946. The Resident Commissioners had a voice in the House, but did not have voting rights.^[two]

The Philippine Bill of 1902 mandated the creation of a bicameral or a ii-chamber Philippine Legislature with the Philippine Committee every bit the Upper House and the Philippine Assembly every bit the Lower House. This bicameral legislature was inaugurated in 1907. Through the leadership of and then Speaker Sergio Osmeña and so-Floor Leader Manuel L. Quezon, the Rules of the 59th United states of america Congress were substantially adopted equally the Rules of the Philippine Legislature.^[ii]

In 1916, the Jones Law changed the legislative system. The Philippine Committee was abolished, and a new bicameral Philippine Legislature consisting of a House of Representatives and a Senate was established.^[2]

Republic and Second Republic era [edit]

The legislative system was changed again in 1935. The 1935 Constitution, aside from instituting the Commonwealth which gave the Filipinos more role in government, established a unicameral National Assembly. But in 1940, through an amendment to the 1935 Constitution, a bicameral Congress of the Philippines consisting of a House of Representatives and a Senate was created. Those elected in 1941 would non serve until 1945, equally World War 2 erupted. The invading Japanese fix the Second Philippine Republic and convened its ain National Assembly. With the Japanese defeat in 1945, the Commonwealth and its Congress was restored. The same setup continued until the Americans granted independence on July 4, 1946.^[2]

Independent era [edit]

Upon the inauguration of the Commonwealth of the Philippines on July four, 1946, Republic Human activity No. six was enacted providing that on the engagement of the declaration of the Republic of the Philippines, the existing Congress would be known as the First Congress of the Republic. Successive Congresses were elected until President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial police force on September 23, 1972. Marcos then ruled by decree.^[2]

As early as 1970, Marcos had convened a constitutional convention to revise the 1935 constitution; in 1973, the Constitution was approved. It abolished the bicameral Congress and created a unicameral National Assembly, which would ultimately be known as the Batasang Pambansa in a semi-presidential system of authorities. The batasan elected a prime government minister. The Batasang Pambansa first convened in 1978. ^[two]

Marcos was overthrown later on the 1986 People Ability Revolution; President Corazon Aquino then ruled past decree. Later that yr she appointed a constitutional commission that drafted a new constitution. The Constitution was approved in a plebiscite the next year; it restored the presidential system of government together with a bicameral Congress of the Philippines. It outset convened in 1987.^[two]

Seat [edit]

Locations of the historical (blue) and electric current (cerise) seats of Congress in Metro Manila.

The two houses of Congress run into at dissimilar places in Metro Manila, the seat of government: the Senate meets at the GSIS Building, the main office of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) at Pasay, while the House of Representatives sits at the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Quezon Metropolis. The ii are around 25 kilometers (16 mi) apart.

• 

• 

• 

The Barasoain Church building in Malolos, Bulacan served every bit a coming together place of unicameral congress of the Starting time Philippine Republic.

After the Americans defeated the Get-go Commonwealth, the Us-instituted Philippine Legislature convened at the Ayuntamiento in Intramuros, Manila from 1907 to 1926, when it transferred to the Legislative Edifice but outside Intramuros. In the Legislative Edifice, the Senate occupied the upper floors while the House of Representatives used the lower floors.

With the Legislative Building destroyed during the Battle of Manila of 1945, the Commonwealth Congress convened at the Old Japanese Schoolhouse at Sampaloc. Congress met at the school auditorium, with the Senate convening on evenings and the House of Representatives meeting every morn. The Senate subsequently moved to the Manila City Hall, with the Firm staying in the school. The two chambers of Congress returned to the reconstructed Legislative Edifice, at present the Congress Building in 1950. In 1973, when President Marcos ruled by decree, Congress was padlocked. Marcos built a new seat of a unicameral parliament at Quezon City, which would eventually be the Batasang Pambansa Complex. The parliament that will somewhen be named as the Batasang Pambansa (National Legislature), outset met at the Batasang Pambansa Complex in 1978.

With the overthrow of Marcos later on the People Ability Revolution, the bicameral Congress was restored. The House of Representatives inherited the Batasang Pambansa Circuitous, while the Senate returned to the Congress Edifice. In May 1997, the Senate moved to the newly constructed building owned by the GSIS on country reclaimed from Manila Bay at Pasay; the Congress Edifice was eventually transformed into the National Museum of Fine Arts. The Senate will eventually move into a new edifice that they would own in Fort Bonifacio, Taguig.

Powers [edit]

Commission on Appointments

Bicameral Conference Committee

The powers of the Congress of the Philippines may be classified equally:

General Legislative It consists of the enactment of laws intended as a dominion of conduct to govern the relation between individuals (i.e., civil laws, commercial laws, etc.) or betwixt individuals and the state (i.due east., criminal law, political law, etc.)[2]	Unsaid Powers It is essential to the effective practice of other powers expressly granted to the assembly.	Inherent Powers These are the powers which though not expressly given are nevertheless exercised by the Congress as they are necessary for its existence such every bit: to make up one's mind the rules of proceedings; to hogtie attendance of absent-minded members to obtain quorum to do business; to keep periodical of its proceedings; etc.	Specific Legislative It has reference to powers which the Constitution expressly and specifically directs to perform or execute. Powers enjoyed past the Congress classifiable under this category are: Power to appropriate; Ability to human action every bit constituent assembly; (for drafting an amendment to the constitution upon a vote of three-fourths of all its members) Ability to impeach; (to initiate all cases of impeachment is the ability of the House of Representatives; To endeavor all cases of impeachment is the power of the Senate.) Ability to confirm treaties;(Merely the Senate is authorized to utilise this power.) Power to declare the beingness of war; (The Senate and the House of Representatives must convene in joint session to do this.) Power to concur amnesty; and Power to human activity as board of canvasser for presidential/vice-presidential votes. (by creating a joint congressional committee to exercise the canvassing.) Power to antipathy Blending of power Delegation of power Budgetary power Power to taxation
Executive Powers of the Congress that are executive in nature are: Date of its officers; Affirming treaties; Confirming presidential appointees through the Commission on Appointments; Removal power; etc.	Supervisory The Congress of the Philippines exercises considerable control and supervision over the administrative branch - e.g.: To make up one's mind the cosmos of a department/agency/function; To define powers and duties of officers; To advisable funds for governmental operations; To prescribe rules and procedure to exist followed; etc.	Electoral Considered every bit balloter power of the Congress of the Philippines are the Congress' power to: Elect its presiding officer/s and other officers of the Firm; Human action as board of canvassers for the canvass of presidential/vice-presidential votes; and Elect the President in case of any balloter tie to the said postal service.	Judicial Constitutionally, each house has judicial powers: To punish its Members for hell-raising beliefs, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members, append or expel a Member To concord and approve amnesty alleged by the President of the Philippines; To initiate, prosecute and thereafter decide cases of impeachment; and To make up one's mind electoral protests of its members through the respective Electoral Tribunal.
Miscellaneous The other powers of Congress mandated by the Constitution are as follows: To qualify the Commission on Audit to audit fund and property; To qualify the President of the Philippines to fix tariff rates, quotas, and dues; To authorize the President of the Philippines to formulate rules and regulations in times of emergency; To reapportion legislative districts based on established constitutional standards; To implement laws on autonomy; To establish a national language commission; To implement complimentary public secondary education; To permit small scale utilization of natural resources; To specify the limits of wood lands and national parks; To determine the ownership and extent of ancestral domain; and To establish independent economic and planning agency.

Lawmaking [edit]

• Training of the bill

The Fellow member or the Beak Drafting Partitioning of the Reference and Research Bureau prepares and drafts the bill upon the Member's request.

• First reading
  1. The bill is filed with the Bills and Alphabetize Service and the same is numbered and reproduced.
  2. Three days after its filing, the same is included in the Society of Business for First Reading.
  3. On First Reading, the Secretary General reads the title and number of the beak. The Speaker refers the bill to the appropriate Committee/s.
• Committee consideration / action
  1. The Commission where the bill was referred to evaluates information technology to determine the necessity of conducting public hearings.

  • If the Committee finds it necessary to conduct public hearings, information technology schedules the fourth dimension thereof, issues public notices and invites resource persons from the public and private sectors, the academe, and experts on the proposed legislation.
  • If the Committee determines that public hearing is not needed, it schedules the nib for Commission discussion/south.

  1. Based on the result of the public hearings or Commission discussions, the Committee may introduce amendments, consolidate bills on the same bailiwick thing, or propose a substitute beak. It so prepares the corresponding commission written report.
  2. The Committee approves the Commission Report and formally transmits the same to the Plenary Affairs Bureau.
• Second reading
  1. The Committee Report is registered and numbered by the Bills and Alphabetize Service. It is included in the Order of Concern and referred to the Committee on Rules.
  2. The Committee on Rules schedules the bill for consideration on 2nd Reading.
  3. On Second Reading, the Secretary General reads the number, title and text of the nib and the following takes place:

  • Menstruation of Sponsorship and Debate
  • Flow of Amendments
  • Voting, which may exist by

  1. viva voce
  2. count past tellers
  3. partition of the House
  4. nominal voting

• 3rd reading
  1. The amendments, if whatsoever, are engrossed and printed copies of the bill are reproduced for Third Reading.
  2. The engrossed bill is included in the Agenda of Bills for Third Reading and copies of the same are distributed to all the Members three days before its 3rd Reading.
  3. On Third Reading, the Secretary General reads only the number and title of the bill.
  4. A curlicue call or nominal voting is called and a Fellow member, if he desires, is given three minutes to explicate his vote. No amendment on the beak is allowed at this stage.

  • The beak is approved past an affirmative vote of a bulk of the Members present.
  • If the nib is disapproved, the aforementioned is transmitted to the Athenaeum.

• Transmittal of the approved bill to the Senate

  The approved bill is transmitted to the Senate for its concurrence.

• Senate action on canonical pecker of the House

  The bill undergoes the same legislative process in the Senate.

• Conference committee
  1. A Briefing Committee is constituted and is composed of Members from each House of Congress to settle, reconcile or thresh out differences or disagreements on any provision of the pecker.
  2. The conferees are not limited to reconciling the differences in the bill only may introduce new provisions germane to the field of study matter or may report out an entirely new neb on the field of study.
  3. The Briefing Committee prepares a written report to be signed past all the conferees and the chairman.
  4. The Conference Commission Study is submitted for consideration/approval of both Houses. No amendment is allowed.
• Transmittal of the bill to the President

  Copies of the bill, signed past the Senate President and the Speaker of the Firm of Representatives and certified past both the Secretary of the Senate and the Secretary Full general of the Business firm, are transmitted to the President.

• Presidential activeness on the bill

  If the bill is approved by the President, information technology is assigned an RA number and transmitted to the Business firm where information technology originated.

• Activity on approved bill

  The bill is reproduced and copies are sent to the Official Gazette Function for publication and distribution to the implementing agencies. It is then included in the annual compilation of Acts and Resolutions.

• Activity on vetoed bill

  The bulletin is included in the Order of Business concern. If the Congress decides to override the veto, the House and the Senate shall proceed separately to reconsider the pecker or the vetoed items of the bill. If the bill or its vetoed items is passed past a vote of two-thirds of the Members of each House, such bill or items shall become a police.

Composition [edit]

In the diagrams below, Congress is divided in blocs, with the colors referring to the political party of the person leading that bloc. The blocs are determined by the vote of the member in speakership or Senate presidential elections.

The Senate is equanimous of the winners of the 2022 and 2022 Senate elections. The House of Representatives is composed of the winners of the 2022 House of Representatives elections. In both chambers, the majority bloc is composed of members generally supportive of the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte, while the minority blocs are those opposed. In the House of Representatives, there is an independent minority bloc, and 4 vacant seats.

In both chambers, membership in committees is determined past the size of the bloc; merely members of the bulk and minority blocs are given committee memberships. In the Philippines, political parties are liquid, and it is not uncommon to encounter partymates see themselves on different blocs.

Leadership [edit]

Each bedroom is headed by a presiding officer, both elected from their respective membership; in the Senate, it is the Senate President, while in the Firm of Representatives, it is the Speaker. The Senate besides has a Senate president pro tempore, and the House of Representatives has deputy speakers. Each bedchamber has its ain floor leaders.

Senate				Firm of Representatives
Position	Holder		Party	Position	Holder		Political party	District/Party-list
President		Tito Sotto	NPC	Speaker		Lord Allan Velasco	PDP–Laban	Marinduque–lone
President pro tempore		Ralph Recto	Nacionalista	Deputy Speakers		Paolo Duterte	NUP	Davao City–1st
						Ferdinand Hernandez	PDP–Laban	South Cotabato–second
						Evelina Escudero	NPC	Sorsogon–1st
						Loren Legarda	NPC	Antique–alone
						Conrado Estrella III	Abono	Political party-listing
						Prospero Pichay Jr.	Lakas	Surigao del Sur–1st
						Roberto Puno	NUP	Antipolo–1st
						Eddie Villanueva	CIBAC	Party-list
						Neptali Gonzales Two	PDP–Laban	Mandaluyong–lone
						Rosemarie Arenas	PDP–Laban	Pangasinan–3rd
						Rodante Marcoleta	SAGIP	Party-list
						Henry Oaminal	Nacionalista	Misamis Occidental–2d
						Pablo John Garcia	NUP	Cebu–tertiary
						Vilma Santos	Nacionalista	Batangas–6th
						Deogracias Victor Savellano	Nacionalista	Ilocos Sur–1st
						Mujiv Hataman	Liberal	Basilan–lone
						Mikee Romero	one-PACMAN	Party-list
						Paulino Salvador Leachon	PDP–Laban	Oriental Mindoro–1st
						Lito Atienza	Buhay	Party-list
						Rufus Rodriguez	CDP	Cagayan de Oro–2nd
						Arnolfo Teves Jr.	PDP–Laban	Negros Oriental–3rd
						Benny Abante	NUP	Manila–6th
						Weslie Gatchalian	NPC	Valenzuela–1st
						Eric Martinez	PDP–Laban	Valenzuela–2d
						Juan Pablo Bondoc	PDP–Laban	Pampanga–4th
						Bernadette Herrera-Dy	BH	Political party-listing
						Divina Grace Yu	PDP–Laban	Zamboanga del Sur–1st
						Rogelio Pacquiao	PDP–Laban	Sarangani–lonely
						Kristine Singson-Meehan	Bileg	Ilocos Sur–2nd
						Strike Revilla	NUP	Cavite–2nd
						Isidro Ungab	HNP	Davao City–3rd
						Abraham Tolentino	NUP	Cavite–8th
						Camille Villar	Nacionalista	Las Piñas–lonely
Majority Leader		Juan Miguel Zubiri	Contained	Majority Leader		Martin Romualdez	Lakas	Leyte–1st
Minority Leader		Franklin Drilon	Liberal	Minority Leader		Joseph Stephen Paduano	Abang Lingkod	Political party-list

Summary [edit]

Voting requirements [edit]

The vote requirements in the Congress of the Philippines are equally follows:

Requirement	Senate	House of Representatives	Joint session	All members
I-fifth	Asking of recording of yeas and nays on any question		North/A	Northward/A
I-third	N/A	Pass manufactures of impeachment	N/A	N/A
Majority (50% +i fellow member)	Election of the Senate President	Ballot of the Speaker	Revocation of martial law Revocation of the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus	Submit to the electorate the question of calling a constitutional convention Grant a tax exemption Concurrence of a grant of amnesty
	Passage of laws Ballot of the president in case of a tie vote. Confirmation of an date of the president to a vice president
2-thirds	Append or expel a member Designation of the vice president as acting president Override a presidential veto		Declaration of a state of war (voting separately)	Call a constitutional convention
	Conviction of impeached officials Concurrence on a treaty	Due north/A
Iii-fourths	Due north/A	N/A	N/A	Passage of amendments to, or revision of the constitution

In near cases, such as the approval of bills, only a majority of members present is needed; on some cases such as the election of presiding officers, a bulk of all members, including vacant seats, is needed.

Sessions [edit]

A new session of Congress starts afterwards every House of Representatives ballot. During the operation of the 1935 constitution as amended in 1940, mid-term elections in the Senate crusade its membership to be changed mid-session. From 1945 to 1972, there were two commonwealth congresses and vii congresses of the republic, with the 2nd Commonwealth Congress becoming the 1st Congress of the Republic. During the usage of the 1973 constitution, the Batasang Pambansa was the legislature, with it having ii elections. Starting in the 1987 constitution, each Senate election was synchronized with the House elections, with the starting time congress nether that constitution being counted as the "eighth Congress", picking upwardly from the last congress of the 1935 constitution.

Per historical era [edit]

In functioning	Dominance	Regime	Legislature	Type	Upper house	Lower house
1898–99	Malolos Constitution	First Philippine Democracy controlled areas	Malolos Congress	Unicameral	Malolos Congress
	War powers authority of the President of the The states	Usa Military Authorities controlled areas	Martial law; military governor ruled past decree
1900–1902	Malolos Constitution	Beginning Philippine Commonwealth controlled areas	Malolos Congress	Unicameral	Malolos Congress
	Appointment past the President of the U.s.	United states of america Military Authorities controlled areas	Taft Committee	Unicameral	Philippine Commission
1902–1907	Philippine Organic Deed	Insular Government of the Philippine Islands	Philippine Commission	Unicameral
1907–1916			Philippine Legislature	Bicameral	Philippine Commission	Philippine Assembly
1916–1935	Philippine Autonomy Human action			Bicameral	Senate	House of Representatives
1935–1941	1935 Constitution	Democracy of the Philippines	National Associates	Unicameral	National Associates
1942–43	War powers potency of the Emperor of Japan	Empire of Japan	Martial law; governor-full general ruled by decree
1943–44	1943 Constitution	Second Philippine Commonwealth	National Assembly	Unicameral	National Assembly
1945–46	Amendments to the 1935 Constitution	Commonwealth of the Philippines	Congress (Commonwealth)	Bicameral	Senate	Firm of Representatives
1946–1973		Third Democracy of the Philippines	Congress	Bicameral
1973–1976	1973 Constitution	Philippines nether Martial Law	Martial constabulary; president ruled by decree
1976–1978 (never convened)			Batasang Bayan	Unicameral	National Assembly
1978–1986	Amendments to the 1973 Constitution	Quaternary Republic of the Philippines	Batasang Pambansa	Unicameral	Batasang Pambansa
1986–1987		Provisional Government	President ruled by decree
1987–present	1987 Constitution	Republic of the Philippines	Congress	Bicameral	Senate	Firm of Representatives

List of Congresses [edit]

Ballot	Congress	Senate election results		House of Representatives elections results
Pre-1941	Encounter Philippine Legislature and National Assembly of the Philippines
1941	1st Commonwealth Congress		24 Nacionalista		95 Nacionalista iii independent
1946	2nd Republic Congress		ix Nacionalista (Liberal fly) 6 Nacionalista 1 Popular Front		49 Nacionalista (Liberal wing) 35 Nacionalista 6 Democratic Brotherhood 3 others
	1st Congress
1947			vi Liberal 2 Nacionalista
1949	second Congress		8 Liberal		sixty Liberal 33 Nacionalista 7 others
1951			8 Nacionalista
1953	3rd Congress		five Nacionalista ii Autonomous 1 Citizens'		59 Nacionalista 31 Liberal 11 Democratic i independent
1955			9 Nacionalista
1957	quaternary Congress		6 Nacionalista 2 Liberal		82 Nacionalista nineteen Liberal one NCP
1959			5 Nacionalista 2 Liberal 1 NCP
1961	5th Congress		4 Liberal 2 Nacionalista 2 Progressive		74 Nacionalista 29 Liberal 1 contained
1963			four Liberal 4 Nacionalista
1965	6th Congress		5 Nacionalista 2 Liberal 1 NCP		61 Liberal 38 Nacionalista five others
1967			6 Nacionalista one Liberal one contained
1969	7th Congress		half-dozen Nacionalista 2 Liberal		88 Nacionalista 18 Liberal four others
1971			v Liberal iii Nacionalista
1978, 1984	Run across Batasang Pambansa
1987	eighth Congress		22 LABAN 2 GAD		43 PDP–Laban 24 Lakas ng Bansa 19 UNIDO 16 Liberal 11 KBL 55 coalitions 32 others 14 appointed sectoral seats
1992	ninth Congress		16 LDP v NPC 2 Lakas 1 Liberal		86 LDP 41 Lakas 30 NPC eleven LP-PDP 32 others 16 appointed sectoral seats
1995	10th Congress		4 Lakas 4 LDP ane Nacionalista i NPC i PRP 1 independent		157 pro-administration coalition 26 opposition coalition 12 hybrid coalitions ix others sixteen appointed sectoral seats
1998	11th Congress		5 Lakas 4 LDP i NPC 1 PMP 1 PDP–Laban		111 Lakas 55 LAMMP 15 Liberal 25 others 14 party-lists
2001	12th Congress		3 Lakas 2 LDP 1 Liberal one PDP–Laban 6 contained		73 Lakas 40 NPC 21 LDP 19 Liberal 52 others 17 party-lists
2004	13th Congress		5 KNP four Lakas 2 Liberal 1 PRP		92 Lakas 53 NPC 29 Liberal 15 LDP 20 others 28 political party-lists
2007	14th Congress		two Liberal 2 Nacionalista two NPC ii UNO 1 KAMPI one LDP 1 PDP–Laban i independent		89 Lakas 44 KAMPI 28 NPC 23 Liberal 11 Nacionalista 23 others 53 political party-lists
2010	15th Congress		three Liberal 2 Lakas–Kampi 2 Nacionalista 2 PMP 1 NPC 1 PRP 1 independent		106 Lakas–Kampi 47 Liberal 29 NPC 25 Nacionalista 22 others 57 party-lists
2013	16th Congress		3 Nacionalista 3 UNA ane LDP 1 Liberal 1 NPC one PDP–Laban		109 Liberal 42 NPC 24 NUP eighteen Nacionalista 14 Lakas 27 others 59 party-lists
2016	17th Congress		5 Liberal 2 NPC 1 Akbayan one UNA three independent		115 Liberal 42 NPC 24 Nacionalista 23 NUP 11 UNA 23 others 59 political party-lists
2019	18th Congress		4 PDP–Laban three Nacionalista 1 Lakas one LDP ane NPC 1 UNA 1 contained		82 PDP–Laban 42 Nacionalista 37 NPC 23 NUP eighteen Liberal 12 Lakas 27 others 61 party-lists

Latest elections [edit]

Senate [edit]

In the Philippines, the almost mutual way to illustrate the effect in a Senate election is via a tally of candidates in descending order of votes. The twelve candidates with the highest number of votes are elected.

e • d Summary of the May 13, 2022 Philippine Senate ballot results

#	Candidate	Coalition	Political party		Votes	%
1.	Cynthia Villar	HNP		Nacionalista	25,283,727	53.46%
two.	Grace Poe			Independent	22,029,788	46.58%
3.	Bong Go	HNP		PDP–Laban	xx,657,702	42.35%
iv.	Pia Cayetano	HNP		Nacionalista	19,789,019	41.84%
5.	Ronald dela Rosa	HNP		PDP–Laban	19,004,225	xl.18%
6.	Sonny Angara	HNP		LDP	18,161,862	38.forty%
7.	Lito Lapid			NPC	16,965,464	35.87%
8.	Imee Marcos	HNP		Nacionalista	xv,882,628	33.58%
nine.	Francis Tolentino	HNP		PDP–Laban	15,510,026	32.79%
10.	Koko Pimentel	HNP		PDP–Laban	14,668,665	31.01%
11.	Bong Revilla	HNP		Lakas	14,624,445	xxx.92%
12.	Nancy Binay	UNA		UNA	14,504,936	30.67%
xiii.	JV Ejercito	HNP		NPC	fourteen,313,727	30.26%
14.	Bam Aquino	Otso Diretso		Liberal	14,144,923	29.91%
xv.	Jinggoy Estrada	HNP		PMP	11,359,305	24.02%
16.	Mar Roxas	Otso Diretso		Liberal	nine,843,288	20.81%
17.	Serge Osmeña			Contained	nine,455,202	nineteen.99%
xviii.	Willie Ong			Lakas	7,616,265	xvi.12%
xix.	Dong Mangudadatu	HNP		PDP–Laban	7,499,604	xv.86%
20.	Jiggy Manicad	HNP		Independent	6,896,889	14.58%
21.	Chel Diokno	Otso Diretso		Liberal	6,342,939	13.41%
22.	Juan Ponce Enrile			PMP	5,319,298	11.25%
23.	Gary Alejano	Otso Diretso		Liberal	4,726,652	nine.99%
24.	Neri Colmenares	Labor Win		Makabayan	4,683,942	9.90%
25.	Samira Gutoc	Otso Diretso		Liberal	4,345,252	9.19%
26.	Romulo Macalintal	Otso Diretso		Independent	4,007,339	8.47%
27.	Erin Tañada	Otso Diretso		Liberal	iii,870,529	8.18%
28.	Larry Gadon	KDP		KBL	3,487,780	7.37%
29.	Florin Hilbay	Otso Diretso		Aksyon	2,757,879	five.83%
thirty.	Freddie Aguilar			Independent	two,580,230	5.46%
31.	Glenn Chong	KDP		KDP	2,534,335	5.36%
32.	Raffy Alunan			Bagumbayan	two,059,359	iv.35%
33.	Faisal Mangondato	KKK		Independent	1,988,719	4.20%
34.	Agnes Escudero	KKK		Independent	ane,545,985	3.27%
35.	Dado Padilla			PFP	1,095,337	2.32%
36.	Ernesto Arellano			Independent	937,713	2.30%
37.	Allan Montaño	Labor Win		Independent	923,419	two.25%
38.	Leody de Guzman	Labor Win		PLM	893,506	2.17%
39.	Melchor Chavez	WPP		WPP	764,473	2.06%
40.	Vanjie Abejo	KKK		Independent	656,006	2.00%
41.	Toti Casiño	KDP		KDP	580,853	one.97%
42.	Abner Afuang	WPP		WPP	559,001	1.92%
43.	Shariff Albani	WPP		WPP	496,855	1.87%
44.	Dan Roleda	UNA		UNA	469,840	i.lxxx%
45.	Ding Generoso	KKK		Contained	449,785	1.75%
46.	Nur-Ana Sahidulla	KDP		KDP	444,096	1.68%
47.	Abraham Jangao			Independent	434,697	one.65%
48.	Marcelino Arias	WPP		WPP	404,513	1.59%
49.	Richard Alfajora	KKK		Independent	404,513	1.57%
50.	Sonny Matula	Labor Win, WPP		WPP	400,339	1.fifty%
51.	Elmer Francisco			PFP	395,427	one.45%
52.	Joan Sheelah Nalliw	KKK		Independent	390,165	1.38%
53.	Gerald Arcega	WPP		WPP	383,749	1.30%
54.	Butch Valdes	KDP		KDP	367,851	1.twenty%
55.	Jesus Caceres	KKK		Independent	358,472	0.xc%
56.	Bernard Austria			PDSP	347,013	0.70%
57.	Jonathan Baldevarona			Contained	310,411	0.67%
58.	Emily Mallillin	KKK		Independent	304,215	0.64%
59.	Charlie Gaddi	KKK		Contained	286,361	0.l%
60.	RJ Javellana	KDP		KDP	258,538	0.47%
61.	Junbert Guigayuma	WPP		WPP	240,306	0.twoscore%
62.	Luther Meniano	WPP		WPP	159,774	0.thirty%
Total turnout					47,296,442	74.31%
Total votes					362,179,156	N/A
Registered voters					63,643,263	100.0%
Reference: Commission on Elections sitting as the National Board of Canvassers.

House of Representatives [edit]

A voter has two votes in the House of Representatives: one vote for a representative elected in the voter'south congressional district (first-past-the-post), and one vote for a party in the party-list organisation (airtight list), the so-chosen party-list representatives; party-list representatives shall comprise not more than 20% of the House of Representatives.

To determine the winning parties in the party-list election, a party must surpass the 2% election threshold of the national vote; usually, the political party with the largest number of votes wins the maximum three seats, the remainder 2 seats. If the number of seats of the parties that surpassed the 2% threshold is less than 20% of the total seats, the parties that won less than 2% of the vote gets one seat each until the twenty% requirement is met.

Commune elections [edit]

Party		Votes	%	+/–	Seats	+/–
	Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan	12,653,960	31.22	+29.32	82	+79
	Nacionalista Party	6,524,100	16.10	+6.68	42	+18
	Nationalist People's Coalition	5,797,543	fourteen.31	−two.73	37	−5
	National Unity Party	3,852,909	nine.51	−0.16	25	+ii
	Liberal Party	2,321,759	five.73	−35.99	eighteen	−97
	Lakas-CMD	2,069,871	5.11	+3.57	12	+8
	Partido Federal ng Pilipinas	965,048	2.38	New	5	New
	Hugpong ng Pagbabago	652,318	1.61	New	3	New
	Aksyon Demokratiko	398,616	0.98	−0.4	1	0
	Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino	396,614	0.98	+0.77	ane	New
	Bukidnon Paglaum	335,628	0.83	+0.48	ii	+1
	Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan	259,423	0.64	New	0	0
	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	252,806	0.62	+0.32	2	0
	United Nationalist Alliance	232,657	0.57	−6.05	0	−11
	Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod	197,024	0.49	+0.35	i	New
	Partidong Pagbabago ng Palawan	185,810	0.46	New	2	New
	Bileg Ti Ilokano	158,523	0.39	New	1	New
	People's Reform Party	138,014	0.34	New	i	New
	Unang Sigaw ng Nueva Ecija	120,674	0.30	New	0	0
	Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino	116,453	0.29	New	0	0
	Asenso Abrenio	115,865	0.29	New	1	New
	Kambilan ning Memalen Kapampangan	107,078	0.26	New	0	0
	Padayon Pilipino	98,450	0.24	−0.10	0	0
	Asenso Manileño	84,656	0.21	−0.29	ii	0
	Kusog Bicolandia	82,832	0.twenty	New	0	0
	Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines	81,741	0.20	+0.16	1	New
	Partido Navoteño	80,265	0.xx	New	1	New
	Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran	65,836	0.16	−0.03	i	0
	Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas	56,223	0.14	New	0	0
	Bagumbayan-VNP	33,731	0.08	New	0	0
	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	33,594	0.08	−0.45	0	0
	Adelante Zamboanga Party	28,605	0.07	New	0	0
	Labor Party Philippines	9,718	0.02	+0.00	0	0
	Democratic Party of the Philippines	one,110	0.00	New	0	0
	Hugpong Surigao Sur	816	0.00	New	0	0
	Philippine Green Republican Party	701	0.00	−0.01	0	0
	Contained	ii,014,211	four.97	−0.86	ii	−2
Party-list seats[b]					61	+2
Total		twoscore,525,182	100.00	–	304	+five
Valid votes		twoscore,525,182	86.34
Invalid/blank votes		6,411,957	13.66
Full votes		46,937,139	–
Registered voters/turnout		61,843,771	75.ninety
Source: COMELEC (Seats won), (Turnout and electorate)

1. ^ The URL of the website of the House of Representatives is, for case, www.congress.gov.ph.
2. ^ There were supposed to be 306 seats upwardly, out of 245 districts and 61 party-seats. Elections at two districts were deferred after ballots were already printed using the quondam configuration. After the political party-list seats were seated, the Supreme Court and so ruled that ane of the districts shall first disputed in the 2022 election, and that the results of the 2022 election using the former configuration stood. The Committee on Elections then ruled that for other commune, the same ruling from the Supreme Courtroom would also be followed. This reduced the number of congressional district seats to 243, and would accept meant a reduction of i party-list seat, but that was no longer acted upon.

Political party-listing election [edit]

Party		Votes	%	+/–	Seats	+/–
	Anti-Criminal offense and Terrorism Community Interest and Support	2,651,987	ix.51	+9.17	3	New
	Bayan Muna	ane,117,403	4.01	+2.14	three	+ii
	Ako Bicol Political Party	ane,049,040	3.76	−1.38	ii	−ane
	Citizens' Boxing Confronting Corruption	929,718	3.33	+1.61	2	+1
	Alyansa ng mga Mamamayang Probinsyano	770,344	two.76	New	2	New
	Ane Patriotic Coalition of Marginalized Nationals	713,969	two.56	−i.49	ii	0
	Marino Samahan ng mga Seaman	681,448	2.44	+2.12	ii	New
	Probinsyano Ako	630,435	ii.26	New	2	New
	Coalition of Association of Senior Citizens in the Philippines	516,927	i.85	−1.xx	1	−i
	Magkakasama sa Sakahan Kaunlaran	496,337	1.78	New	1	New
	Association of Philippine Electric Cooperatives	480,874	1.72	New	1	New
	Gabriela Women's Political party	449,440	i.61	−ii.61	1	−1
	An Waray	442,090	1.59	−0.23	i	0
	Cooperative NATCCO Network Party	417,285	1.50	−0.57	1	−i
	Human activity Teachers	395,327	i.42	−two.23	i	−1
	Philippine Rural Electrical Cooperatives Association	394,966	1.42	New	1	New
	Ako Bisaya	394,304	1.41	New	i	New
	Tingog Sinirangan	391,211	1.40	+0.75	one	New
	Abono	378,204	1.36	−0.90	1	−1
	Buhay Hayaan Yumabong	361,493	one.30	−1.05	one	−ane
	Duterte Youth	354,629	1.27	New	1	New
	Kalinga-Advocacy for Social Empowerment and Nation Edifice Through Easing Poverty	339,665	one.22	New	1	0
	Puwersa ng Bayaning Atleta	326,258	1.17	−i.24	1	−1
	Alliance of Organizations Networks and Associations of the Philippines	320,000	ane.15	−0.19	1	0
	Rural Electric Consumers and Beneficiaries of Development and Advancement	318,511	1.14	New	1	New
	Bagong Henerasyon	288,752	ane.04	+0.12	1	0
	Bahay para sa Pamilyang Pilipino	281,793	1.01	New	1	New
	Structure Workers Solidarity	277,940	1.00	+0.97	ane	New
	Abang Lingkod	275,199	0.99	−0.45	ane	0
	Advocacy for Teacher Empowerment Through Activeness, Cooperation and Harmony Towards Educational Reforms	274,460	0.98	−0.49	1	0
	Barangay Health Wellness	269,518	0.97	New	1	New
	Social Amelioration and Genuine Intervention on Poverty	257,313	0.92	−0.31	i	New
	Merchandise Union Congress Political party	256,059	0.92	−0.52	1	0
	Magdalo para sa Pilipino	253,536	0.91	+0.05	1	0
	Galing sa Puso Party	249,484	0.89	New	1	New
	Manila Teachers Savings and Loan Association	249,416	0.89	+0.06	one	0
	Rebolusyonaryong Alyansa Makabansa	238,150	0.85	+0.38	1	New
	Alagaan Natin Ating Kalusugan	237,629	0.85	+0.26	1	New
	Ako Padayon Pilipino	235,112	0.84	New	1	New
	Ang Asosayon Sang Mangunguma Nga Bisaya-Owa Mangunguma	234,552	0.84	−0.69	1	0
	Kusug Tausug	228,224	0.82	+0.06	one	0
	Dumper Philippines Taxi Drivers Association	223,199	0.lxxx	+0.78	ane	New
	Talino at Galing ng Pinoy	217,525	0.78	+0.51	1	New
	Public Prophylactic Alliance for Transformation and Rule of Law	216,653	0.78	New	1	New
	Anak Mindanao	212,323	0.76	−one.42	ane	−1
	Agronomical Sector Alliance of the Philippines	208,752	0.75	−one.08	i	0
	LPG Marketers Association	208,219	0.75	−0.69	ane	0
	OFW Family Club	200,881	0.72	+0.09	1	New
	Kabalikat ng Mamamayan	198,571	0.71	−1.89	i	−1
	Democratic Independent Workers Clan	196,385	0.seventy	−0.74	i	New
	Kabataan	195,837	0.70	−0.23	1	0
	Aksyon Magsasaka-Partido Tinig ng Masa	191,804	0.69	New	0	0
	Serbisyo sa Bayan Political party	180,535	0.65	−0.22	0	−ii
	Angkla: ang Partido ng mga Pilipinong Marino	179,909	0.65	−0.39	0	−i
	Akbayan	173,356	0.62	−1.26	0	−1
	Wow Pilipinas Motion	172,080	0.62	New	0	0
	Ina na Nagmamahal sa Anak	170,019	0.61	New	0	0
	Y'all Against Corruption and Poverty	167,826	0.threescore	−0.86	0	−ane
	Abante Mindanao	166,883	0.60	−0.05	0	0
	Butil Farmers Political party	164,412	0.59	−0.63	0	−one
	Append	158,003	0.57	New	0	0
	Anakpawis	146,511	0.53	−0.60	0	−1
	Ang National Coalition of Ethnic People Action Na!	144,291	0.52	−0.46	0	−1
	Ang Nars	141,263	0.51	−0.17	0	0
	Partido ng Bayan and Bida	136,093	0.49	New	0	0
	Kasosyo Producer-Consumer Exchange Association	134,795	0.48	New	0	0
	Agri-Agra na Reporma para sa Magsasaka ng Pilipinas Movement	133,505	0.48	−ii.x	0	−two
	Acts Overseas Filipino Workers Coalition of Organizations	131,865	0.47	−0.69	0	−1
	Adhikaing Tinaguyod ng Kooperatiba	131,344	0.47	+0.10	0	0
	Ang Mata'y Alagaan	128,201	0.46	−0.56	0	−1
	1st Consumers Alliance for Rural Energy	127,867	0.46	New	0	−1
	Murang Kuryente Partylist	127,530	0.46	New	0	0
	Una ang Edukasyon	119,646	0.43	−0.43	0	−1
	Philippine Educators Alliance for Community Empowerment	119,211	0.43	New	0	0
	Association of Lady Entrepreneurs	113,134	0.41	New	0	0
	Aangat Tayo	109,939	0.39	−0.36	0	−1
	Ako An Bisaya	109,463	0.39	−0.11	0	0
	Avid Builders of Active Nation'southward Citizenry Towards Empowered Philippines	97,114	0.35	New	0	0
	Alay Buhay Community Evolution Foundation	94,320	0.34	−0.24	0	0
	Global Workers and Family unit Federation	89,775	0.32	−0.04	0	0
	Confederation of Non-Stock Savings and Loan Associations	88,075	0.32	−0.34	0	0
	Abe Kapampangan	83,379	0.30	New	0	0
	National Association for Electricity Consumers for Reforms	81,141	0.29	New	0	0
	Philippine National Police Retirees Association	79,818	0.29	New	0	0
	Kilusang Maypagasa	79,358	0.28	New	0	0
	Joint Marriage of Active Nationalist Filipino Movement	76,769	0.28	New	0	0
	Tanggol Maralita	76,428	0.27	−0.15	0	0
	Ating Agapay Sentrong Samahan ng mga Obrero	74,722	0.27	−0.64	0	−1
	one Brotherhood Advocating Autonomy Party	74,465	0.27	New	0	0
	Ang Kabuhayan	74,229	0.27	−0.81	0	−ane
	Agbiag! Timpuyog Ilocano	70,318	0.25	−0.49	0	−1
	Abakada Guro	69,257	0.25	−0.42	0	0
	Alliance of Philippine Line-fishing Federations	69,138	0.25	−0.43	0	0
	Ang Laban ng Indiginong Filipino	68,805	0.25	−0.77	0	0
	Laang Kawal ng Pilipinas	68,333	0.25	New	0	0
	Sinag Tungo sa Kaunlaran	61,696	0.22	+0.03	0	0
	People'southward Champ Guardians	60,448	0.22	New	0	0
	Luntiang Pilipinas Partylist	59,096	0.21	New	0	0
	Grains Retailers Confederation of the Philippines	58,561	0.21	New	0	0
	Alliance of National Urban Poor Organisation Assembly	54,767	0.20	+0.14	0	0
	Ako Bisdak-Bisayang Dako	51,228	0.18	New	0	0
	Kooperatiba-Kapisanan ng Magsasaka ng Pilipinas	50,889	0.18	New	0	0
	Spousal relationship of Nationalistic Autonomous Filipino Organization	45,710	0.16	+0.01	0	0
	Isang Lapian ng Mangingisda at Bayan Tungo sa Kaunlaran	44,181	0.16	New	0	0
	Ako Ayoko sa Bawal na Droga	43,583	0.xvi	New	0	0
	Barangay Natin	forty,899	0.fifteen	+0.05	0	0
	i-United Send Koalisyon	36,285	0.13	New	0	0
	AMEPA OFW Admission Center	35,373	0.13	−0.24	0	0
	Academicians Students and Educators Alliance Inc.	32,464	0.12	−0.27	0	0
	Arts, Business and Science Professionals	31,394	0.11	−0.82	0	−1
	Sulong Dignidad Party	29,830	0.xi	New	0	0
	Kabalikat ng Nagkakaisang Manileño	29,187	0.ten	New	0	0
	Parents Teacher Alliance	28,908	0.x	New	0	0
	Partido Lakas ng Masa	28,824	0.10	New	0	0
	Partido ng Manggagawa	28,351	0.x	New	0	0
	Move for Economic Transformation and Righteous Opportunities	28,261	0.10	−0.19	0	0
	One Advancement for Wellness Progress and Opportunity	26,564	0.10	−0.07	0	0
	Ang Tao Muna at Bayan	25,946	0.09	+0.00	0	0
	Brotherhood of Volunteer Educators	25,025	0.09	−0.40	0	0
	Awareness of Keepers of the Surroundings	24,780	0.09	+0.00	0	0
	One Unified Transport Brotherhood of the Philippines-Bicol Region	22,948	0.08	New	0	0
	One Philippines	21,974	0.08	New	0	0
	Partido Sandugo	19,649	0.07	New	0	0
	Pinagbuklod na Filipino para sa Bayan	xviii,297	0.07	New	0	0
	Federation of International Cable TV and Telecommunications Association of the Philippines	16,038	0.06	−0.05	0	0
	Tribal Communities Association of the Philippines	15,731	0.06	−0.10	0	0
	Tinderong Pinoy Party	14,580	0.05	−0.09	0	0
	Pilipinas para sa Pinoy	13,848	0.05	New	0	0
	Kaisahan ng mga Maliliit na Magsasaka	12,061	0.04	−0.09	0	0
	Noble Advancement of Marvelous People of the Philippines	11,751	0.04	New	0	0
	Filipino Family Party	10,589	0.04	New	0	0
	Alliance of Public Send System	8,883	0.03	New	0	0
	Kamais Pilipinas (Kapatirang Magmamais ng Pilipinas)	7,571	0.03	New	0	0
	Sandigan ng mga Manggagawa sa Konstruksyon	6,344	0.02	New	0	0
Total		27,884,790	100.00	–	61	+2
Valid votes		27,884,790	58.96	−13.02
Invalid/blank votes		xix,411,652	41.04	+13.02
Total votes		47,296,442	–	–
Registered voters/turnout		63,643,263	74.31	−6.39
Source: COMELEC

See also [edit]

• Politics of the Philippines
• Senate of the Philippines
• House of Representatives of the Philippines
• Legislative districts of the Philippines
• List of Philippine Senate committees
• List of Philippine House committees
• List of legislatures by country
• List of current members of the Congress of the Philippines past wealth

Notes [edit]

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d} "Article Half-dozen: THE LEGISLATIVE Department". Philippines Official Gazette . Retrieved May 31, 2013.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f m h i j chiliad} "The Legislative Branch". Philippines Official Gazette. Philippines Official Gazette. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
3. ^ "The City Council of Manila". Manila Standard. June 24, 2002. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
4. ^ ^{a b} Elizalde, María Dolores (September 2013). "The Philippines at the Cortes de Cádiz". Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints. 61 (3): 331–361. doi:10.1353/phs.2013.0014. hdl:10261/165907. S2CID 145232653.

Sources [edit]

• Ramirez, Efren 5. and Lee, Jr., German 1000., The New Philippine Constitution. Cebu City: 1987: pp. 142–173.
• Commodity VI of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
• How a Bill becomes a Law
• Legislative History
• Your Legislature

External links [edit]

• Official Website of the Senate
• Official Website of the House of Representatives

adamschately87.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines